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Evolution Korea In the past, Korea's scientific community has been hesitant to engage with creationists, afraid that doing so might give the movement more credibility. Silence is no longer an alternative. The STR has been campaigning to remove content from textbooks that describe evolution, such as the discovery of the feathered dinosaur Archaeopteryx as an ancestral bird's ancestor. But this is merely one aspect of the evolution of the development paradigm. What is Evolution? Evolution is a theory of science that explains the change in genetic characteristics of living organisms over time. The theory is based on fact that living organisms adapt to their environment which can result in changes in genes, or even entire genomes. These changes can over many generations lead to the creation of new species. The predominant theory of evolution is known as natural selection, which explains the process through which those with favorable characteristics live and reproduce more often than those with less favorable characteristics. As time passes, this difference in reproduction can lead to the emergence of entirely new species. The term “evolution”, which comes from Latin for revealing or unrolling, has been used in a variety of different ways as the concept has evolved, both in science and in other fields. Early evolutionists, such as Jean Baptiste de Lamarck and Erasmus Darwin (Charles's grandfather) believed that the existing species transformed into other species in a certain way. Etienne Geoffroy St.Hilaire was Lamarck's embryologist student who coined the term “transmutation” to describe this theory. Charles Lyell, who published the second volume of his Principles of Geology in 1833 opposed this notion and borrowed the term “evolution” from Geoffroy's student to describe the view that species are evolving into different species in an orderly and predictable manner. Evolutionary biologists define evolution more recently as a process in which living organisms develop traits that increase their chances of surviving or producing offspring. As time passes, genetic variation can lead a population to develop new physical characteristics or biological functions. This change in gene frequencies is known as natural selection and is the primary driver behind evolutionary changes. Changes that are not genetic, like an increase in muscle mass from exercise or diet, can't be considered to be evolution since they aren't passed on to the next generation. Creationists make the argument that evolution is controversial, despite the fact that it has been proven accurate by thousands of scientific tests and it has stood the test of time. They argue that the theory shouldn't be taught at school. In South Korea, creationists won some victories against evolution in high school textbooks. This includes the removal of references to the evolutionary roots of humans as well as Archaeopteryx which is a feathered dinosaur which is believed to be the ancestor of birds. Why is Evolution Important? Evolution explains how Earth and all living species came to be. It is also a fundamental part of biology that helps scientists to learn how living organisms function and grow. Evolution also shows how various species are connected. Scientists study evolution to better understand the natural world and also to make important discoveries including the development of new drugs. The evidence for evolution is overwhelming. No other scientific theory explains as much about the universe and the life on this planet. It has been thoroughly scrutinized and confirmed for a number of years. Many people, and even religious leaders, are in favor of the scientific theory. It is important to note that evolutionary biology does not conflict with religious beliefs, since the theory is based on processes, objects, and events within the physical world. In fact, many religious people have come up with ways to reconcile their beliefs with evolution. For example some Christians believe that God created the universe through evolution, and that humans share an ancestral lineage with other animals. It is essential that science educators advocate for teaching evolution. In some countries, the opposition to evolution has been growing. In the United States some states have taken steps to limit the teaching evolution. In South Korea, a group called the Society for Textbook Revise, an offshoot from the Korea Association for Creation Research (KAC) is a campaign for textbooks that cover the evolutionary history of horses and their avian ancestor Archaeopteryx. While these are disturbing developments, it is important to keep in mind that the evidence for evolution is overwhelming. news for evolution comes from a variety of sources, such as fossils, genetics, and the behavior of living creatures. The evidence is also independently verified by other scientists. The majority of scientists agree with the theory of evolution. The reasons for this support are diverse. Some scientists study evolution in order to make practical discoveries, such as the development of new medicines, while others do so to improve animal and plants species, typically to benefit humans. Some are simply curious, while others have a deep religious belief in God and want to understand how the universe works. What is Creationism? Creationists are those who believe that God created the universe and everything within it. They also believe that the Bible is the word of God and should be taken as such. Many creationists are Christians however, not all. Creationists are generally divided into two groups: Young Earth Creationists (YEC) or old earth creationists. The most common type of creationist is known as the YEC. They believe that God created the universe in the exact manner described in the Bible. They believe that the biblical account of the six days of creation is true and that the universe and the life on Earth started only recently. OECs are not as well-known however they're just as enthusiastic about their beliefs as YECs. OECs believe the universe and Earth are billions of years old, and that evolution is a myth. Both types of creationism reject the notion that scientific principles such as natural selection and abiogenesis are able to explain the origins of life on Earth. They claim that evolution is not possible because it requires the creation of a miracle, and the scientists who founded modern science shied away from miracles due to fear that they would lose credibility. Some creationists accept naturalistic evolution as well as special creation, and call their view “theistic evolution.” This is also known as “continuous evolutionism” or the “evolution of the created species.” The theory says that God creates species from scratch and then allows them to change over time. Then these evolutionary changes will create new species that are similar to the original ones. Some creationists believe that God created all living things and the entire universe in one event known as the Great Flood. These creationists hold that all species were created at the same time and that they gradually evolved. They reject the concept of abiogenesis and assert that self-replicating living cannot come from nonliving matter. In general, the creationists oppose teaching evolution in schools. Numerous professional associations, like the National Science Teachers Association and the Association for Science Teacher Education endorse this view, as do the American Anthropological Association and the Geological Society of America. However, some researchers and educational institutions are more flexible and permit the inclusion of both evolution and creationism in their curriculum. What is Creationism in Korea? When people think of creationism, they often think of the United States. However, South Korea is also the home of an anti-evolutionist movement. The publishers of high school textbooks have recently declared that they will be removing references to evolution from their textbooks. The Society for Textbook Revise, an independent body which is an offshoot of the Korea Association for Creation Research (KACCR) has been the driving force behind this drive. STR has secured its first victory by eliminating instances of the evolution of the horse and an avian ancestor, the Archeopteryx in textbooks. Its sights are now set on removing excerpts from Darwin's infamous finch research and on human evolution too. STR claims to have the support of around 4000 families and individuals. The goal, according to STR, is to rid the world of what it calls “atheist materialism” that paints a negative view for students. It also hopes to combat the influence of American Creationists in the nation. A survey of undergraduates studying biology revealed that a majority of them did not believe in evolution. The causes are not clear, but could include religion or the absence of creation scientists in the US. The KACR has achieved a lot through its seminars and lectures in the past. It publishes a bimonthly magazine called Creation and the book. One of these was an educational textbook on natural sciences with a creationist stance. It sparked interest in the college community. In 1991 an academic and minister started teaching Creation Science in one university and it continues to be taught until today. On August 6 and 7, 1993, KACR hosted a second International Symposium on Creation Research. The event was held in conjunction with the opening of the World Expo in Daejeon. Six lecturers from abroad including ICR's John Morris, Duane Gish and Steven Austin spoke to audiences of a few thousand. KACR and its members have been giving lectures on creation science in major seminaries as well. KACR plans to establish a Creation Science Education Center in the future.